- Randall Bartlett
Deputy Chief Economist
What’s Going On in Canada’s Labour Market?
Foreign Versus Domestic Sources of Weakness
It has been a tough year for Canada’s labour market, with the US trade war topping the list of headwinds. However, the number of employed workers in Canada in September was only slightly lower than at the end of 2024 and was higher than it was 12 months earlier. That begs the question: what’s going on in Canada’s labour market?
It is important to first isolate how much of the current labour market weakness can be chalked up to the US trade war. We’ve estimated that the decline in demand for Canadian exports would typically have reduced employment by about 0.7 percentage points (ppts) so far this year.
But US tariffs aren’t the only contributing factor to Canada’s labour market weakness. Fewer newcomer admissions and reduced federal government hiring have also been headwinds, albeit to a much lesser extent than reduced trade flows, at nearly ‑0.2 ppts and less than ‑0.1 ppts respectively.
Despite these headwinds to hiring, relatively steady employment in Canada this year speaks to the resiliency of Canadian households and businesses in the face of numerous obstacles to growth and the uncertainty that lies ahead.